Pricing and Hedging in Incomplete Markets

We present a new approach for positioning, pricing, and hedging in incomplete markets that bridges standard arbitrage pricing and expected utility maximization. Our approach for determining whether an investor should undertake a particular position involves specifying a set of probability measures and associated °oors which expected payo®s must exceed in order for the investor to consider the hedged and ̄nanced investment to be acceptable. By assuming that the liquid assets are priced so that each portfolio of assets has negative expected return under at least one measure, we derive a counterpart to the ̄rst fundamental theorem of asset pricing. We also derive a counterPricing and Hedging in Incomplete Markets 2 part to the second fundamental theorem, which leads to unique derivative security pricing and hedging even though markets are incomplete. For products that are not spanned by the liquid assets of the economy, we show how our methodology provides more realistic